Strength of using quantitative data is that it is easy to analyse, for example the amount of medication given to each patient is quick and easy to take down therefore you can easily convert findings into statistics thus being an easy and quicker way to compare to other results. When they were released it was with the label schizophrenia in remission. This suggests that the hospital staff had no idea that these were actually normal people.
It also indicates that once schizophrenic, always schizophrenic even if it is described as in remission which means in state of temporary suspension from disease. The length of stay ranged from days average 19 days. The notes made by the nursing staff showed that the pseudo-patients were friendly and co-operative and that they exhibited no abnormal indications. Daily visitors also reported no unusual behaviour, nor did any of the other patients. Some observations may lack objectivity which would affect the validity therefore a larger sample size would be advantageous.
On the whole a larger sample size consisting of both male and female, different religions, race and occupations would improve the ecological validity of the study as it would mean that you could generalise the results to the public as there would be a percentage of people in the study representing the different races, sexes, occupations thus being able to generalise the findings from the study to real life. The Psychoanalytical theory deals with the subconscious and unconscious mind, and how the two processes occur in our mind.
The psychologists can use this process to treat the cases in which the patients have mild but chronic psychological problems, especially the cases involving patients of anxiety disorders. Under this theory, it is believed that the subconscious of a person is governed by the incidents that have occurred in the lives of the individual, as in the case of Alex his trauma was caused by the incident regarding his mother.
In his childhood, Alex was already traumatized once after his mother was admitted in the hospital and he felt helpless and thus he started having panic attacks. This feeling was embedded into his mind within his subconscious thus when he faced another incident quite similar to that of his childhood then his childhood trauma came back to torment him.
The Cognitive Behaviour approach was developed from the works of two psychologists Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis and it deals with the feelings, perceptions and beliefs of a person. The Psychoanalytic theory was at first developed by Sigmund Freud; this theory is also quite similar to the Cognitive theory as it also deals with the feelings of the people like the cognitive theory. The main difference is that while psychoanalytic theory deals with the conscious and subconscious mind of the people, the cognitive theory deals with the conscious mind only.
Task 2: Essay There are three different types of research methods of psychological research, Correlation research, Descriptive research, and Experimental research. The Correlation method involves any kind of statistical relationship between two variables. Correlation research method can be used to research about the psychological cases or problems as it refers to different kinds of relations between two things or incidents.
In this method, relationships are found among the different subjects and their relation with each other is analyzed from everyday life events. Using this method the casual relationship between the variables cannot be established, this is one of its disadvantages. The Descriptive research involves the analysis of the current state of the mind of the individuals. In this methods mainly the case studies are studied, the behavior of one or more individuals are recorded in a descriptive format.
These case studies are conducted on the individuals who undergo certain strange and unusual experiences. Through this method the casual relationship between two variables can be described, which is an advantage. The disadvantage of this method is that it can be expensive at times and it takes a lot of time to conduct the research. The third and the final research method of conducting psychological research is the Experimental method.
The chief aim of the experimental research method is to provide definite conclusions to the nature of casual relationship between the different variables. In the experimental research method, there are two types of variables found, the independent and the dependant variable. The advantage of this method is that it can be used to draw conclusion on the casual relationships between various variables. The disadvantage include that in this method the important variables cannot be manipulated, and this method is also very expensive and time consuming.
Non- Experimental method refers to the conditions when the researchers cannot manipulate or change the variables and instead the researcher has to depend on the interpretations or interaction and various observations between the variables to understand the results. The main difference between the two methods is the methodology used in each of the process. For the experimental method the researchers can influence or bring any changes in the variables, the experiments can be conducted on humans.
In the case of non experimental method the researchers cannot influence the variables in any way they have to sit back and observe and has to come to a conclusion. The cause and effect relationship between variables is an important requirement to conduct a valid research in science related subjects, this is available in the experimental method. In the non experimental method the researchers cannot say with certainty that one variable leads to another as the primary basis of their research is observation and there is no certain way to measure.
In the field of psychology, the most debatable topic is ethics and the issues related to ethics. There have been several instances where the psychological studies, which were conducted, were unethical. Thus to protect the interests of the patients and that of the psychologists the ethical aspects of the cases are required to be protected.
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Psychodynamic approach and cognitive approach for task 1 Answers: Task 1: Case Study Two of the psychological approaches can explain the case study involving Nurse Alex, the first one is the Cognitive approach and the second one is the Psychoanalytical approach.
| Me2 varren betting on sports | Cognitive psychology and information processing: An introduction. The Psychoanalytical theory deals with the subconscious and unconscious mind, and how the two processes occur in our mind. Each pseudopatient behaved normally, and symptoms were not re-reported. Brandchaft, B. E, Psychoanalytic treatment: An intersubjective approach. Study 3, a field experimentrequired patients to ask staff questions e. |
| Rosenhan on being sane in insane places summary of macbeth | Rosenhan failed to explain as to why we make type 1 errors or type 2 errors more than the other, neither the effects of giving false diagnoses for the pseudopatients. B, Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists. The advantage of this click here is that it can be used to draw conclusion on the casual relationships between various variables. These case studies are conducted on the individuals who undergo certain strange and unusual experiences. The level of anxiety affects the ability of a person to function properly, and this results in depression and decrease in the willingness to work or function under normal circumstances. |
| Rosenhan on being sane in insane places summary of macbeth | Neisser studied the irreversibility of labels, noting psychiatrists can never be incorrect because diagnoses cannot be proven wrong, supporting Rosenhan. It has stimulated further research and has gained a long-term position in seminal research that remains to be used by contemporary professors today. This is beneficial to mental healththus increasing external validity EV. Non- Experimental method refers to the conditions when the researchers cannot manipulate or change the variables and instead the researcher has to depend on the interpretations or interaction and various observations between the variables to understand the results. Cognitive psychology and information processing: An introduction. |
| Nfl handicap betting tips | The predominant issue was unauthorised diagnoses and needless treatments for a fictional mental illness tolerably accepted. In the case of non experimental method the researchers cannot influence the variables in any way they have to sit back and observe and has to come to a conclusion. Lindsay found schizophrenic patients were rated more abnormal than controls. Rosenhan argued pseudopatients behaviour was highly influenced by being in an abnormal environment e. It also indicates that once schizophrenic, always schizophrenic even if it is described as in remission which means in state of temporary suspension from disease. |
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It confirmed all of our worst fears. This wave helped to drive an ongoing process of deinstitutionalization, in which patients were released from long-term care and often simply sent out into the streets. The logic went that even the streets were better than the asylum. She got ahold of the late doctor's papers. He modified what the volunteers experienced to suit his conclusions, he deleted positive experiences, and he even misled readers about his own self-incarceration.
He'd really actually told doctors that he was suicidal and could hear things via radio waves. Any responsible physician would have committed such a person. In other words, the study is impossibly flawed, if not outright deceptive. Cahalan understands that the history of psychiatry is not one of triumphant progress. In her book, she includes stories of the treatment horrors like icepick lobotomies and numerous famous misdiagnoses.
To give one example, electroconvulsive treatment ECT is nearly always shown in movies as involving resisting patients thrust down on a table and then zapped while fully conscious. This, to state what should be obvious, is not how ECT works.
Hinging mental wellness reforms on exaggeration and fabrication is no way to defeat stigma. The surest way to defeat it, and to get resources to suffering patients, is to begin with a factual understanding of the real history of mental health care. They were easily admitted, and once inside they stopped exhibiting any abnormal behaviors. For instance, each participant was asked to keep a notebook or journal to record their experiences.
What is Sociology? In the real world, one may be inclined to ask one of the subjects what they were writing about if they witnessed the subject constantly scribbling away in a notebook. In fact, several real patients in the hospital grew suspicious of the imposters and tried to bring it to the attention of the nurses.
Rosenhan theorizes that there are several causes for these kinds of reactions.
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