Value investing stock pitch examples

It is very easy to get ideas from other investment professionals, but it will be very obvious in your pitch whether you have done the analytic work yourself or not. This is typically discovered when you are questioned on your assumptions in the model. If you built the model yourself, you can likely defend the assumptions much more intelligently. Even though you may be studying the beverage industry, the manufacturing companies and distribution companies have very different dynamics.

The beverage manufacturers may not be growing much faster than CPI, but the distributors may be going through a massive consolidation period and therefore have earnings that are growing at a much faster pace. Historical Industry Returns A security may be cheap and look attractive, but that may be because the returns of the company and the industry are not attractive. For example, the stock Owens Corning OC traded at 8x earnings for a long time.

This sounds inexpensive, but it was ultimately justified because operating margins were in the single digits. Unit Economics Most bottom-up, fundamental analysis is used to study the unit economics of a company. For example, what does it cost to make and sell one unit of output, and what is the profit on that unit?

What are the pricing and volume trends? It is important to understand the value drivers clearly in order to build a detailed operating model for your pitch. Competitive Positioning It is critical to understand the competitive positioning of a company as it related to the industry as whole. Do certain companies control industry pricing? Are there high or low switching costs? Does branding matter Are there regulatory protections, such as tariffs?

For example, the housing industry looked extremely attractive in the early s, but crashed and was extremely unattractive into the late s and beyond. This is due to both an economic downturn and a systematic overbuilding of homes that collapsed in the middle of the decade. It is also important to understand the seasonality of the business.

Retailers tend to sell more product during the fourth quarter of the year, because of the holiday shopping season. Investment Considerations Management When you start working for a hedge fund you will quickly learn that each fund has their own unique investment style. Some hedge funds simply will not invest in companies that have weak management teams. This principle often results from an investor getting burned from a bad management decision, such as a bad acquisition, or a focus on short-term earnings at the expense of long-term objectives.

After gaining experience analyzing companies, you will eventually develop your own philosophy. Still, bear in mind that other investors may have an opinion on this topic that differs from yours, and you need to consider the philosophies of your teammates when evaluating an investment idea. Is the current management team following what the company has always done?

Another key to understanding how a management team will probably act is to study how the members are compensated. Is their compensation tied to revenue or earnings, return on capital, or some other metric? How much stock does the management team currently own?

How much risk are they taking? Are they buying or selling stock? How many options do they have outstanding? Valuation Study both relative and absolute valuation. A stock may appear cheap when compared to a stock in another sector, but very expensive against its peers.

Thus, different investment situations call for different valuation metrics to be used. You should also study the rate of growth of the earnings metric you chose. A company may look expensive at 30x earnings, but if it is doubling revenue every year and tripling earnings, it may not be so expensive after all.

In fact, if you believe that this trend can continue, it may be an excellent long investment idea. It is also important to study your estimates vs. All of these factors will play into the potential valuation for your investment idea. Is there a difference between your earnings estimates and those of the street? What are the key events that the street will care about? Is it an earnings release, a new product release, or something more unusual?

Does the street care about what happens next quarter or are they more focused on the potential signing of a big contract that could take place at any time? How does the company control for this? How do you as the investor assess the downside risk from this? The key questions you need to answer in order to fully understand downside risk are: What has to happen for the downside case to play out?

If that event plays out, what will happen to the multiple? Will it go down or actually expand? All in all, what is the probability of a downside event and what is the maximum potential loss you might face in such a scenario? If a catalyst is expected to take place in the near future, you probably want to have your position fully sized immediately. If not, it may make sense to taper into a position.

That means when a stock continuously goes up, day after day, the investor feels like he or she is missing an opportunity, and will be inclined to buy the stock. This pile-on mentality causes more investors to become a part of the action. This is a classic, human reaction to a strongly outperforming stock, and it can often lead to poor returns due to an undisciplined approach and the fickle nature of the market. The same thing can happen when a stock continues to drop in price.

Investors tend to panic and sell at exactly the worst time. During the heat of the battle, people tend to get emotional and sell their best stocks out of fear. What to Do Tell yourself it is normal to react this way when you are losing a lot of money. Fear is normal: both the fear of missing an opportunity and the fear of continuing to lose more money. Have strict target prices in place. One of your partners, named Mr. Market, is very obliging indeed.

Every day he tells you what he thinks your interest is worth and furthermore offers either to buy you out or to sell you an additional interest on that basis. Sometimes his idea of value appears plausible and justified by business developments and prospects, as you know them. Often, on the other hand, the value he proposes seems to you a little short of silly. If you are a prudent investor or a sensible businessman, will you let Mr. Only in case you agree with him, or in case you want to trade with him.

You may be happy to sell out to him when he quotes you a ridiculously high price, and equally happy to buy from him when his price is low. But the rest of the time you will be wiser to form your own ideas of the value of your holdings, based on full reports from the company about its operations and financial position. The less liquid a stock is, the riskier the position becomes, as it is difficult to exit an illiquid position—especially during turbulent market conditions, when liquidity is often demanded.

In order to determine how liquid a stock is, you need to see how many shares trade on a regular basis. If your desired position is much larger, then it could take many days to accumulate the desired position — and similarly, it could take a long time to unwind the position when you want to exit. This makes the investment much more risky. Therefore, a stock may have fantastic management, excellent earnings growth, and an attractive price, but if there is no liquidity you probably simply cannot buy it.

While the theses should always be specific to your company, some common reasons you might think a stock is undervalued are strong growth opportunities that the market has missed or an overreaction to recent news. Generally, pitches have theses backed up by both qualitative understanding and quantitative research. One thing to keep in mind is that each thesis should move beyond explaining why this is a good business, and focus instead on why it is a good investment.

There is no one way to go about structuring a thesis, and your theses are also one of the most important parts of your pitch, so you should spend a good portion of your time developing them. Valuation Value investing is not just about finding good companies, but buying those companies at a reasonable price. Valuation can be used to show that the company is trading at a low price relative to its quality and is often split into intrinsic and extrinsic valuation.

Intrinsic valuation is concerned with valuing the company based on its own ability to be profitable. If this company can generate strong returns for investors simply because it is very profitable, that could be a good investment. Value investors believe in the Law of One Price, meaning that similar companies of similar quality will eventually trade at the same price — there is no reason to pay any more for one than the other.

If you can show that your company has a better business model and is cheaper than its competitors, that would make a good investment. Risks and Mitigations Every investment has risks. Judges understand that every business has risks and would rather see someone who has thoroughly considered them than a team that ignores them.

Companies have sections in their reports dedicated to identifying the risks to their business and that is always a good place to start finding risks. You should also consider risks to your theses. For example, if you think the stock could appreciate because of strong sales associated with a captive customer base, you could explore the risks related to these customers leaving. Catalysts There is one question left to answer, and in my experience, it is one of the most challenging parts of putting together a good pitch.

They are often broken up into short, medium, and long term catalysts. Keep in mind that every professional manager has read the same financial statements as you, conducted similar analysis, and built similar models. Even if you believe that the company will expand, that expansion may already be factored into the stock price.

There is no one way to go about it, so this guide will cover some principles I recommend thinking about. You should plan to spend at least a few days practicing and refining your pitch. Almost every team I have met starts off with presentations much longer than the often 10 minute limit you have.

It can be challenging to cover a few days worth of research in just 10 minutes! As you practice it can also be helpful to get others feedback. Did your company overview make sense? Did the external analysis cover the trends others think are relevant? Was your thesis convincing?

Were the catalysts believable?

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When applying for an equity research, equity sales or any sort of hedge fund that includes longs in their strategy, an interviewee should expect to asked for more than one investment idea and possibly a short idea; bond and credit funds may require credit analysis.

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